El citoesqueleto celular en la glándula mamaria y su aplicación diagnóstica / The cellular cytoskeleton in the mammary gland and its diagnostic application

Objetivos: Valorar la importancia de las modificaciones que aparecen en el citoesqueleto celular (en particular a nivel de unos filamentos intermedios denominados queratinas) a lo largo de los cambios que sufre la glándula mamaria, con especial referencia a la lactación. Su expresión será diferente y servirá como método de contraste. Diseño: 40 ratones distribuidos en cinco grupos según la etapa de estudio. El esquema experimental es común para todos ellos. Material y métodos: Análisis inmunohistoquímico de las muestras procedentes de las glándulas mamarias para evidenciar modificaciones a nivel de las citoqueratinas y comparación con otros estudios en diferentes modelos animales. Resultados: Cada citoqueratina presenta una expresión diferente según sea la estirpe celular y el periodo de lactación. Se diferencian mediante el uso de anticuerpos específicos marcados. Conclusiones: La expresión citoqueratínica varía de manera fisiológica y en células tumorales. La detección inmunohistoquímica de citoqueratinas puede servir como método de diagnóstico complementario (AU)

Objectives: To assess the importance of the changes that appear into the cytoskeleton (especially referred to some specific intermediate filaments called keratins) through different stages the mammary gland bears, focusing on the lactation. Their expression will be different in pathological conditions and this will be useful for contrasting other procedures. Design: 40 mice distributed into five groups according to the tage of study. The experimental project is the same for everyone. Material and methods: Immunohistochemical analysis from samples obtained from mammary glands in order to show changes into cytokeratin expression and comparison with other researches in different animal models. Results: The expression of every cytokeratin is different according to the cell lineage and the lactation period. Specific antibodies can reveal it. Conclusions: The cytokeratinic pattern changes in a physiological sense and also in malignant processes. Immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratins may be useful as complementary diagnosis (AU)

Valor pronóstico de los factores clinicopatológicos Ki67, ciclina D1, ciclina D3 y CDK4 en el carcinoma gástrico / Pronostic value of clinicopathologic factors Ki67, cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and CDK4 in gastric carcinoma

- Propósito: Conocer el valor pronóstico de la ciclina Dl, ciclina D3, cdk4 y Ki67, estudiados por métodos inmunohistoquímicos, junto con las características clinicopatológicos de los carcinomas gástricos.- Métodos y resultados: Realizamos estudio inmunohistoquimicos de material incluido en parafina para ciclina D1, ciclina D3, cdk4 y Ki67 en 74 pacientes con carcinoma gástrico. Las inmunotinciones para ciclinas D1, D3 y cdk4 así el índice de proliferación de Ki67, el grado histológico y el tipo histológico (según la clasificación de Lauren) se compararon con la supervivencia. El 97 por ciento de los casos eran Ki67 positivos, el 29 por ciento para ciclina D1, el 23 por ciento para ciclina D3 y el 35 por ciento para cdk4. El análisis multivariante sólo mostró correlación entre el Ki67 (PI) (p<0,01) y la supervivencia. En el análisis univariante el grado histológico también se correlaciona con la supervivencia (p<0,03). La expresión de ciclina D3 se relaciona con cdk4 (p<0,001) y Ki67 (PI) (p<0,02) y la expresión de ciclina D1 con el grado histológico (p<0,03).- Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que un índice de proliferación elevado de Ki67 y el grado histológico son marcadores de mal pronóstico. La sobreexpresión de la ciclina D1 podría tener un importante papel en la proliferación celular. La relación entre ciclina D3, cdk4 y Ki67 podrían explicarse por su papel a lo largo del ciclo celular. (AU)

Effect of diethylstilbestrol or zeranol on fetal development, gestation duration, and number of offspring in NMRI mice.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) or alpha-zearalanol (zeranol) on fetal development, gestation duration, and number of offspring. DESIGN: Study effects of prenatal administration of DES or zeranol on various pre- and perinatal variables in an experimental group of mice, compared with effects in a control group. ANIMALS: Pregnant NMRI mice. PROCEDURE: Diethylstilbestrol or zeranol (150 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle (controls) was administered SC to pregnant mice on days 9 and 10 of gestation. Fetuses from pregnant mice of each group were counted and weighed, and their size and head length were recorded. Additional pregnant mice delivered their fetuses naturally, and pups from each group were counted and their sex was determined. At the end of gestation, abortions were evaluated. All data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Mean number of fetuses was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) in DES-treated (4.59 +/- 0.48) than in control mice (8.33 +/- 0.49). Both estrogenic substances significantly reduced fetal size and weight (P < 0.0001), compared with control mice. Diethylstilbestrol significantly increased abortion frequency (P < 0.0001) and gestation duration (P < 0.0001), compared with values for control mice. A reduced number of live pups (P < 0.0001) from pregnant mice administered DES (5.48 +/- 0.38) or zeranol (5.97 +/- 0.49) was observed, compared with control mice (8.52 +/- 0.50), because of reduced number of male offspring (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Diethylstilbestrol or zeranol administered during mid-pregnancy leads to decreased fetal weight and size and lower numbers of male offspring at birth. Likewise, DES induced a significant increase in abortions and gestation duration.

Incidence and pathomorphology of uterine tumours in the cow.

A statistical and pathological study on uterine tumours during the examination of 1489 female bovines at slaughter was carried out. A 0.4% (n = 6) incidence of uterine neoplasms, being 50% adenocarcinomas and the other 50% leiomyomas, was diagnosed. With regard to age groups, tumours were more frequent in the 11-15-year-old group. Two animals affected by adenocarcinoma were not fertile and they had ovarian metastasis that, to the author's knowledge, has been cited as extremely rare in cows. An ultrastructural study of these carcinomas and their metastasis was also made. Two leiomyomas were intramural and another one was pedunculated and subserous located. All leiomyomas showed the features of old tumours.

[Ultrastructure of the luteal cells of female cattle]. / Ultraestructura de las Células Luteínicas en la Hembra Bovina.

An ultrastructural study to the corpus luteum (CL) from 263 non pregnant female cattle slaughtered in slaughter-houses of León (Spain) was done. The luteal cells are classified in five types, noted with roman numbers. We made a comparison between these cells and the cells described in the literature. We believe that luteal cells have a development from type I to V, the first type is the principal inside the developing CL. The types II and III are in the mature CL, and the two last types are in the degenerating CL. It will be the same cell in different stages of development. We did not find characteristic structures to differentiate luteal cells originating from the granulosa or the theca.

Common epithelial tumours of the ovary in cows.

A morphological study of the epithelial tumours diagnosed during examination of 1489 cows slaughtered in León, Spain was carried out. Epithelial neoplasms were observed in four animals which represents an incidence of 0.27 per cent. So far as the authors are aware it is the first time that two serous papillary cystadenomas and one serous superficial papilloma have been described in cows. The fourth neoplasm was a mucinous cystadenoma.

[Sociodemographic and occupational aspects of public assistance demand for problems related to alcohol]. / Aspectos sociodemográficos y laborales de la demanda asistencial pública por problemas relacionados con el alcohol.

Bibliographic quotations on alcohol related problems in Castilla y León, and some socieconomic data on income, annual revenues, sectorial brute outputs, vine culture surface, red and white wine production in Valladolid, regional enterprise export and evolution are reported on introduction. Characteristics and limitations of the utilized notifications system and number of alcoholic (N = 433) and psychiatric cases (N = 2788) by institutions during 1986-1987 period are summarized. Notification rates, ranking between 1,08 0/000 at risk, and risk populations by province are reported at results section. Differences between alcoholic and remainder psychiatric patients were evaluated with regard to sex, marriage status, education, labour activity and consultation age. Significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.01) of morbidity between alcoholic and remainder psychiatric patients were found at the following intervals of age: 15-24 (4.7% alcoholic vs. 13.7% psychiatric patients), 25-34 (21.6% alcoholic vs. 18.9% psychiatric patients), 35-44 (26.0% alcoholic vs. 16.7% psychiatric patients), 45-54 alcoholic vs. 15.9% psychiatric patients) and older than 65 (6.6% alcoholic vs. 15.2 psychiatric patients). Significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.001) are also observed between alcoholic and psychiatric patients at male (89.8% alcoholic vs. 43.9% psychiatric patients) and female (10.2% alcoholic vs. 56.1% psychiatric patients) categories. Significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.01) are found at window (2.6% alcoholic vs. 7.7% psychiatric patients) and separated couples rates (8.6% alcoholic vs. 2.5% psychiatric patients). With regard to education there are significant differences between first school (32.8% alcoholic vs. 26.28% psychiatric patients (p less than or equal to 0.01), high school (5.0% alcoholic vs. 9.53% psychiatric patients, p less than or equal to 0.05) and university studies (2.5% alcoholic vs. 5.52% psychiatric patients, p less than or equal to 0.05). There is a different professional profile in alcoholics. Manager, and liberal professional rates (7.09% alcoholic vs. 10.93% psychiatric patients) are significantly different (p less than or equal to 0.01) between white collar worker (11.98% alcoholic vs. 4.92% psychiatric patients), technician (16.87% alcoholic vs. 8.85% psychiatric patients) and blue collar worker rates (65.53% alcoholic vs. 26.97% psychiatric patients). Figures of retired are lesser (p less than or equal to 0.05) in alcoholic than in psychiatric patients (12.67%) and people %ho make home work are lesser (p less than or equal to 0.01) in the former (5.54%) than in the latter (35.37%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)